SPORTS IN THE PROVINCE OF VOLHYNIA AS PRESENTED IN THE “ZIEMIA WOŁY Ń SKA” MAGAZINE (1928–1932)

The purpose of this paper is to present sports in the province of Volhynia as presented in the “Ziemia Wołyńska” [The Land of Volhynia] magazine. The magazine, published in the years 1928–1932 dealt with the economic, social, cultural and educational issues of the province of Volhynia. The magazine also published articles, materials and reports on sports in Volhynia. The published articles dealt with conditions of sports activities. In this regard, the training of sports instructors was organized, as well as the condition of the sports infrastructure was improved. An important factor in the development of sports was the establishment of regional sports associations at the turn of the 1920s and 1930s. There were the following sports disciplines practised in sports societies and clubs: motorsports, boxing, horse riding, cycling, athletics, motorcycling, football, shooting, water sports, winter sports. The Volhynian sportsmen did not achieve any spectacular sports successes in the national arena in the discussed period.


Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to present sports in the province of Volhynia as described by the "Ziemia Wołyńska" [The Land of Volhynia] magazine. The magazine was published in the years [1928][1929][1930][1931][1932]. The seat of the editorial office of the magazine was in Lutsk. There was also a branch of the editorial office in Rivne. The magazine was published as a weekly, "devoted to the affairs of Volhynia". The Province of Volhynia was located in the central-eastern part of the Second Republic of Poland. From the north, it bordered with the Province of Polesie, on the west with the Province of Lublin, in the south-west with the Province of Lviv, and on the south with the Province of Tarnopol. The eastern border of the province was the state border between the Republic of Poland and the Soviet Union. The province was inhabited by many nationalities, incl. Polish, Ukrainian, Jewish, German, Czech, Russian. City dwellers constituted only 13% of the population of the province.

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As for the state of research, there are not any publications devoted to sports activities in the province of Volhynia as presented in the "Ziemia Wołyńska" magazine. As for the historiography of sports in the province of Volhynia in the years 1921-1939, the most important cognitive publications are those of Eligiusz Małolepszy and Teresa Drozdek-Małolepsza (Małolepszy, Drozdek-Małolepsza 2019, 2020. The basic research method used in the preparation of this paper was the analysis of historical sources. The methods of synthesis, induction, deduction and the comparative method were also used. The following research problems are also discussed: 1. Was there an increase in the level of individual sports in the province of Volhynia at the turn of the 1920s and 1930s? 2. What conditions influenced the activities of the Volhynia community in the field of sports?

Conditions for the development of sports in the province of Volhynia
The establishment of the Regional Physical Education Centre -WF [PE] in Lutsk at the end of the first half of 1931 played an enormous role in the development of the physical activity, including sports activities (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1932, 15, p. 3). The head of the Centre was Lt. Wacław Dziewulak. Significant achievements should be noted already in the first 10 months of the existence of the Regional Physical Education Centre. 153 leaders (instructors) were trained on two-week courses in the following sports: boxing, sports games, athletics, swimming; 363 people attended the "external" (evening) courses. 73 members of the Army Sports Club (WKS) of the 24 Infantry Regiment [I.R.], completed a course in freestyle swimming (crawl); 12 members of the WKS and 79 non-commissioned officers [NCOs] of the 24 I.E. as well as 32 members of the Jewish Sports Club (ŻKS) "Hasmonea" Lutsk completed courses in athletics; 2-week boxing courses were attended by 22 high school students, 15 members of the Lutsk Rifle Club (ŁKS) "Strzelec", 14 members of WKS 24 I.R. club, 20 members of the "Hasmoena" and 22 non-local people " from all cities of Volhynia".14 women from the Army Family, 18 officers from 24 I.R., 17 NCOs, 21 officers and NCOs from the13 pap. [Field Artillery Regiment] as well as 27 unaffiliated participants (including 10 women) completed the sets of gymnastic exercises (gymnastic sets) as preparation for winning the National Sports Badge (POS). 133 people completed the ski courses organized in the winter (1931/1932). The Regional Physical Education Centre developed sport (by organizing courses in various areas of physical activity) in towns outside of Lutsk, namely in Dubno, Horokhiv, Kysylyn, Rokitno, Rozhyshche, Sarny and Zaturce. A total of 417 people completed these courses. The Centre organised attempts to get a POS, attended by 277 participants.
On June 14, 1931, a weekly gymnastics course, organized by the Regional Board of Education of the Volhynian District for primary school teachers from the counties of Kovel, Liuboml and Vladimir (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1931, 25, p. 7), ended in Kovel. The gymnastics course was run by the school inspector Tyszek from Rivne. Ski courses were organized in Rivne, e.g. in the winter season of 1931/1932, with the help of the Polish Ski Association (PZN). The courses were conducted for the needs of the newly created ski section of the Riflemen's Association (ZS) of Rivne, as well as for school students (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1932, 10, p. 5).
Physical activities, such as drills, sports games -volleyball, shooting training, gymnastics were included in the program of firefighting courses for chiefs of volunteer firefighters. From May 24 to June 3, 1930, a 10-day firefighting course was held in Kovel for a group of 40 chiefs of volunteer fire brigades from the districts of Kovel, Lutsk and Vladimir (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1930, 26, p. 3). The manager and main organizer of the course was a fire instructor for the district of Lutsk -Bolesław Gronowski.
Sports in the Province of Volhynia as Presented in the "Ziemia Wołyńska" Magazine (1928 An important role in the development of physical activity was played by district and sub-district sports associations operating in the province of Volhynia. At the turn of April and May 1930, the General Meeting of the Volhynian Football Sub-District (WPPN) was held, chaired by Major Jacheć -a representative of the Polish Football Association (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1930, 19, p. 8). During the WPPN meeting, a new Board was elected. Gurwicz became the president of WPPN. The start of the A-league matches in 1930 was set for May 18; and the B-league matches on May 28 (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1930, 19, p. 8;1930, 21, p. 7). The Lublin Regional Athletics Association (Lublin OZLA) was active in the structures of the Polish Athletics Association. Within its structures, on March 31, 1928, the Rivno Sub-District of the Lublin OZLA was established (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1928, 3, pp. 2-3). The sub-district management board was formed and included: major Andrzejewski (president, District Commander of the 13 th Infantry Division), major Rusiecki (1st vice-president), Hofmann (2nd vice-president), Borowicz, Eisler, Koźmiński, Kulawik, Nowosielski (members of the board). On the initiative of the sub-district, competitions were held on the National Day of May 3. Very good results were achieved by the WKS Rivne athlete -Srokowski.
In the Volhynian press, the establishment of a regional association dedicated to water sports had already been postulated. The following information was published in the pages of "Ziemia Wołyńska", in one of its November editions of 1931: Establishment of the Volhynia Regional Water Sports Association with such sections as rowing, swimming and sailing, which will be the branches of the affiliated national associations in Volhynia. All Rowing Societies and sports clubs in Volhynia should be summoned to participate in the work to the benefit of the Associatio (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1931, 48, p. 6). Establishing the structures of a district association in Volhynia concerning water sports would result in the more intensive development of these areas concerning qualified activities as well as water tourism. It is also worth noting that in the landscape of Volhynia, there was a significant number of natural water reservoirs.

Societies and organizations conducting sports activities
Sports activities were conducted by organizations and associations, including Gymnastic Society TG "Sokół" [Falcon], Polish Scouting Association (ZHP), ZS. On April 25, 1931, the annual General Meeting of the members of TG "Sokół" was held in Łuck (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1931, 18, p. 6). In 1930, the nest had 150 members. During the General Assembly elections of the board of the nest were held. The following members were elected to this body: H. Szalawa-Szawodki -president, Narzyst Wiśniewski -vice-president, Fr chaplain Spisacki, W. Dobrzyński, Kleszno, L. Pruszyński, Rachmankowska, M. Sebastianowiczówna and Szczepanowski -members of the board.
On March 3, 1929, the annual General Meeting of TG "Sokół" members was held in Rivne, attended by 47girl guides and scounts bridesmaids and friends (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1929, 10, p. 5). During the meeting, Rychter (president), Fiala (chief) and Graff presented a report on the activities of the Board of the Nest for 1928. The issue of purchasing a plot of land for the construction of a Falcon's nest was presented. Members of the branch of the Union of Volhynia Landowners provided significant material contribution in this endeavour. The budget of the nest for 1929, amounting to 16,950 zlotys, was approved. During the meeting, a new management board in Rivne Nest was elected. The first meeting of the board was held on March 7, 1929, in the room of the branch of the Union of Volhynian Landed Gentry (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1929, 11, p. 6). The function of the chairman of the nest was entrusted to Wacław Wilczkowski, the first vice-president was Henryk Lasocki, the second vice-president was Franciszek Lis, the secretary -Jan Zub, the host -Aleksander Rychter, the chaplain of the nest -Reverend Ludwik Syrewicz, V.F. while the board members were: W. Babicki, Ignacy Hirszel, Korusiewicz, S. Załęski. A year later (May-June 1930) W. Wilczkowski was still the chairman of the nest, the vice-chairman was H. Lasocki, secretary -Zaremba, treasurer -Graf, and the nest administrator -Fiala (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1930, 22, p. 6). In 1931, 16 ZS departments operated in the Sarne district, 6 of which had day-rooms (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1931, 40, p. 7). The Border Protection Corps (KOP) provided significant assistance in the work of the PE and CC ZS in the Sarne district.
The beginnings of scouting and guiding in Volhynia date back to 1914 (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1928, 13, p. 11 Wołyńska, 1931, 13, p. 5). According to the reports of the ZHP in Volhynia, there were 850 girl guides, 1,020 boy scouts and 65 teams. 50 per cent of the teams were active in elementary schools and arts and crafts schools, whereas the other half operated in secondary education. Scout teams were set up in new centres, such as Horokhiv, Kivertsi, Kostopil and Liuboml. During the Congress, attention was drawn to the difficult situation of the instructors; a low number of scouts among teachers and office workers. In 1930, the Volhynian Banners (men's and women's) organized 1 instructor course and 3 summer camps for troops in Kovel, Rivne and Volhynian Vladimir. In 1931, 10 camps for girl guides and scouts were planned, as well as the organization of scout work among Ukrainian and Russian youth. Stanisława Sanojcówna was the Commander of the Women's Banner, and W. Nekrasz was the Commander of the Men's Banner. In July 1931, there was a group of young girl guides from the Kovel Troop in the camp (in the forest area) between the villages of Zielona and Zadybie (8 km from Kovel) (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1931, 28, p. 8).
The 11 th day of May 1929 is an important date in the history of motorization in Volhynia (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1929, 18, pp. 3-4). On this day, on the initiative of the Organizational Committee of the Volyn Automobile Club, the first congress of motor racing sportsmen -motorists took place. During the congress, the delegates were addressed by the deputy governor of Volhynia, Kazimierz Dziewałtowski-Gintowt and M. Grygoriew, Eng., who presented the state and development of motor racing in Volhynia. The participants of the congress adopted the statute of the Volhynian Automobile Club (Automobilklub Wołyński) and the regulations of the car rally from Lutsk via Dubno to Kremenec and back to Lutsk (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1929, 20, p. 6). At the congress, the club's management board was elected and included: K. Dziewałtowski-Gintowt, Ledóchowski, engineers Księżopolski, M. Grygoriew, A. Zapolski, A..Jackiewicz, Jerzy Bonkowicz-Sittauer (the Starost of Lutsk), Z. Załęski, S .Korkowicz and W. Zachradnik. The editors of the magazine "Ziemia Wołyńska", reported in issue 23 of June 9, 1929, that the governor of Volhynia legalized the Volhynian Automobile Club based in Lutsk (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1929, 23, p. 7). It is worth mentioning that the beginnings of motor racing in Volhynia, go back to 1928. In that year, the Automobile Circle (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1929, 18, p. 3) was established in Vladimir. The Automobile Circle of Vladimir became a part of the Volhynian Automobile Club. The meeting of the board of the Volhynian Automobile Club was held on October 30, 1930. During the meeting, the need for an appropriate building for the club and the program of activities for the nearest period were discussed.
Every year, the board of the Lutsk Rowing Association (ŁTW) organized the ceremonial opening of the marina and the opening of the "rowing season". The opening of the ŁTW marina took place quite late, as late as June 1, 19301930, 23, p. 7). The delay was due to the construction of a dyke on the Styr River (the area close to the ŁTW rowing harbour). The ceremony included, a blessing of the boat funded by the officials of the Bank of Poland; a speech by the vice-president of ŁTW -Szubert; boy scouts' show (setting up and folding tents); a gymnastic show by members of the local "Falcon" nest (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1930, 23, p. 7).
A series of equestrian competitions were held in military units stationed in Volhynia. An indoor riding school was opened at the 21st Vistula Lancer Regiment in Rivne. The first official competition at the arena -a show jumping competition -took place on January 31, 1932 (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1932, 9, p. 3) with the participation of 16 riders. The first place in the competition was taken by Lt. Znamierowski (on the mare Prima), ahead of Lt. Szelążek (on the gelding Postument) and Captain Boczkowski (on the mare Ognista). 24 riders participated in the NCO competition, which consisted of 10 obstacles 1 m high and 2 m wide. The winner was the senior sergeant Grządka (on the gelding Pikantny), the second place was taken by the captain Iwkiewicz (on the gelding Klin), and the third -by sergeant Wrona (on the mare Pretty).
On the initiative of the Volhynian Association of Cyclists and Motorcyclists (WTCiM) in Lutsk, on September 23, 1928, the Lutsk championship was organized on a route of 50 km length. (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1928, 18, p. 5). 25 cyclists took part in the race, but only 10 of them reached the finish line. Samuel Gertner won the race, Andrzej Zwerykin took the 2nd place, and Aleksander Kuzikowski was 3rd. The competition was popular with the local community and about 500 fans watched it.
The organization of the race "Bieg Wołynia" [Volhynia Cycling Run] (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1929, 35, p. 7) played a significant role in popularizing cycling in Volhynia. On August 25, 1929, a cycling race was held on the route Lutsk-Rivne-Dubno-Lutsk. The route of the race was 169 km. The winner was the cyclist of the Lviv KS "Pogoń" -Franiciszek Babiarz. He completed the route in a very good time -6 hours 42 min. 20 s. By profession, F. Babiarz was a constable of the Civil Police in Lviv. The cyclists from Volhynia took the next places. The second place was taken by Leon Awerbuch, and the third -by Gustaw Warnke (WTCiM). The race was completed by 10 cyclists, out of 27 who joined it. The winner of the race received a gold token and a new bicycle, funded by the editors of Przegląd Wołyński.
One of the most important cycling races in the province of Volhynia was the cycling competition for the championship of the province of Volhynia organised in Łuck on June 24, 1928. The competition was organized, on the Kovel route, over a distance of 100 km (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1928, 5, p. 5). The event, in which 16 cyclists participated, was organized by WTCiM. Samuel Gertner became the champion of the Volhynia Province. He covered a distance of 100 km in 3 hours 56 min. 17 s.
A year later (1929), on June 30, the road race was also held over a distance of 100 km on the Kovel route (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1929, 28, p. 7). The competition attracted 12 cyclists, 7 of whom finished the race. The title of the champion of the Volhynia province was won by Leon Awerbuch (he covered the distance in 3 hours 36 minutes 36 seconds), Gustaw Warnke won the silver medal, and the bronze medal went to Jerzy Księżopolski. It is worth noting that the winner of the competition achieved an almost 20 minutes better result than the provincial champion in 1928. There was also a women's cycling competition on the 10 km route. Maria Szpaczkówna became the champion of the province (she covered the distance in 24 minutes 17 seconds).
The cyclists of the Volhynian Association of Cyclists and Motorcyclists dominated the championships of the Volhynia Province in 1930, conducted over a distance of 100 km on the Kovel-Lutsk route (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1930, 27, p. 6). Eugeniusz Rybak won the competition on June 22 (3 hours 29 minutes 55 seconds), beating Gustaw Warnke and Michał Djaczuk. In terms of the time score obtained by the Volhynia Province champions of cycling, the former champions were outperformed again.
The next athletics competition organised by the Volhynian OZLA was held on May 17, 1931 at the city stadium in Lutsk (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1931, 22, p. 2). 26 athletes, mainly from Lutsk and Rozhyshche participated in the competition. In individual competitions the best ones turned out to be: in the 100 m and 400 m run dash - Sports in the Province of Volhynia as Presented in the "Ziemia Wołyńska" Magazine (1928 On June 6-7, 1931, the Volhynian OZLA Championships in athletics took place (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1931, 25, pp. 6-7). 87 athletes, mainly from Kovel, Lutsk and Rivne, took part in the competition. On the second day of the competition, heavy rainfall prevented the athletes from achieving good sports results. The champions of the Volhynian OZLA were: in the 100 m race -Tokarzewski (Przysposobienie Wojskowe [Civil Defence] -PW Kovel); on the following distances: 200 m dash, 400 m dash and 1,500 m run -S. Borowiecki (PKS Lutsk); in the 4 × 400 m relay -PW Kovel; in discus and javelin throw -Leon Gorin (PW Kovel); in the long jump the best result was achieved by Jan Kabzinski (PW Kovel); in the shot put -Ilarjon Dublański (TG "Sokół" Lutsk); in the 800 m run -S. Borowiecki; in the 5,000 m run -Pasieczulk (ZS Rivne); in the 4 × 100 m relay -PW Kovel. The team classification was won by the athletes of PW Kovel (51 points), ahead of PKS Lutsk (21 points) and ZS Rivne (6 points). The competition gathered quite a large audience. During the first day of the competition, 300 spectators were present in the stands.
Cross-country running has gained great popularity in the field of athletics. In 1930, on the occasion of the Independence Day, the Volhynian Sub-District Headquarters of the ZS organized in Lutsk competitions in individual and team cross-country runs (distance over 3 km), in which the following tems teams participated ZS, WKS 24 str., Civil Police (PKS) and WTCiM (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1930, 52, p. 6). The individual run was won by Borowiecki (PKS Lutsk), the second place was taken by Żelichowski (ZS Kovel), and the third -by Sobolewski (ZS Lutsk). The team run was won by ZS Lutsk (Karpowicz, Niewiarowski, Sobolewski), before PKS Lutsk, WKS 24 I.R., ZS Kovel, ZS Lutsk II, WKS 24 I.R. II, ZS Zdolbuniv and ZS Dubno. The commander of the Volhynian Sub-district of the ZS, Lieutenant Zarębski, was present at the competition.
In the years 1928-1930, clubs from the province of Volhynia participated in the soccer games of the Lviv OZPN, as part of the WPPN. The following teams played in the WPPN division A matches in the 1930 season: TG "Sokół" Rivne, WKS Dubno, WKS Kovel, WKS Rivne, ŻKS "Hasmonea Kovel, ŻKS "Hasmonea" Rivne; The reserve teams of the clubs playing in the division A matches were qualified for the division B soccer games (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1930, 19, p. 8). As a result of their victory in the division A games of the WPPN, the players of TG "Sokół" took part in interregional games for promotion to the national league. The Falcons turner out to be a weaker team than the teams of Lechia Lviv and WKS Unia Lublin. As the editorial office of "Ziemia Wołyńska" wrote: The champion of the Volhynian sub-district, "Sokół" from Rivne, in their matches against Lechia (Lviv) and Unia (Lublin) lost all of the matches, not scoring a single point. (...) The Sokół turned out to be a completely primitive team, with no idea of tactics and minimal technical values (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1930, 43, p. 8). This opinion probably reflects the level of Volhynian football against the national background at the turn of the 1920s and 1930s.
Football competitions for the championship of the city and county were held in other parts of the Volhynian province. On the initiative of the County Committee of Physical Education and Civil Defence (PKWFiPW) in Kostopol, at the turn of October and November 1930, a football tournament for the championship of the city of Kostopol was held (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1930, 52, p. 6). Three local teams took part in the competition: PTG "Czarni", ŻKS "Trumpeldoria" and "Zaporożec". In the first match, "Trumpeldoria" defeated the team "Zaporożec" (5 : 1). The match between the teams of PTG "Czarni" and ŻKS "Trumpeldoria" was held at the stadium of PE and CD in Kostopol Sports in the Province of Volhynia as Presented in the "Ziemia Wołyńska" Magazine (1928 contestants: Benedykt, Józef Górski, Wiktor Pinrut, Srot. The competition was watched by Cpt. Styczyński -the commander of the PW (in the Kremenets district) and teachers from local schools.
Local ski competitions were held in Lutsk. In February 1932, a 12 km ski run was organized by the local Physical Education Center (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1932, 10, p. 4). The skiers of PKS Lutsk stood out in the competition. Sawicki won before Prystupa, who was second. Another cross-country skiing competition was held by PKS, on March 5, 1932, on an 18 km route (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1932, 11, p. 5). The start and finish of the run were in Krasne (next to the Civil Police Headquarters). More than 20 skiers took part, 17 of whom finished the competition. The winner was Wojciech Muszyński , a skier of LKS "Strzelec". He covered the route of the run in 1 hour. 49 min. 3 s. The second place went to Sawicki (PKS Lutsk), and the third to Konakov I (PKS Lutsk).
At the beginning of the 1930s, sports clubs from the Volhynia province played mainly friendly matches in ice hockey, in among other places, in Kovel and Rivne. At the turn of February and March 1932, friendly matches were played in Kovel, in which PKS Rivne defeated the local gymnasium team and lost to PKS Kovel (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1932, 10, p. 5). The sport of ice hockey developed in Lutsk. The first ice hockey match took place in Lutsk on February 27, 1932, between the local PKS and PKS Rivne (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1932, 10, p. 4). The game ended with a victory for the PKS Rivne hockey players (3 : 0).
The first event prepared by the Automobile Club of Volhynia was the car rally to Kremenets on May 12, 1929. The commander of the rally, attended by about 100 participants, was Aleksander Zapolski (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1929, 20, p. 6). The column of cars (each at a distance of 200 to 300 m) moved at 50 km per hour. In Kremenets, the participants of the rally visited the Jesuit church and the Kremenets Secondary School. Already in the first period, the activists of the Automobile Club of Volhynia planned to organize several events, mainly sports tourism, including the one-day trip for members and supporters of the club from Lutsk through Dubno, Ostroh to Rivno that took place on July 28, 1929.
In 1930, the activists of the Automobile Club of Volhynia organized the Automobile Rally, consisting of 3 stages -the route of the rally was about 980 km long (Ziemia Wołyńska, 1930, 22, pp. 2-3;1930, 24, pp. 3-4). Hulewicz was the commander of the rally, Lecewicz was the vice-commander, and M. Grygoriew, was the general secretary. There were 9 motorists at the starting line. The winners of the individual competitions of the rally were: the braking test -Kulikowski; the speed test -Romerow (Citroen); The first prize was won by Marynowicz (Tatra) (for driving without penalty points); Kulikowski won the second prize, and the 3rd prize was won by Josipowa (Chevrolet). The rally was completed by 7 motorists.
On the initiative of the Automobile Club of Volhynia, a motorcycle competition was organized in Lutsk on May 22, 1932. The competition was played in 3 categories: 14 km (for 250 cm 3 motorcycles); 8 km (for motorcycles with a capacity of 350 cm 3 ); and 22 km (for motorcycles with a capacity over 350 cm 3 ). There were 7 motorcyclists taking part in the competition: J. Radiszyński, Chodkiewicz (both from Lviv); Barzuk, Nowacki (Lutsk); Lieutenant Rzelski, Kwiatkowski, Michałowski (Kovel). The best bikers of the competition were: Chodkiewicz and Barzuk. The route of the competition ran along the streets of Lutsk.

Conclusion
In the years 1928-1932, the editors of the magazine Ziemia Wołyńska published materials related to the subject of sport in the province of Volhynia. The information concerned the conditions, as well as activities in particular fields of sport. The training of instructors as well as the improvement of the condition of the sports infrastructure played an important role in the development of sports. An important element in the development of sports, such as athletics and football, was the establishment of the regional structures of sports associations at the turn of the 1920s and 1930s. Associations and clubs with sports sections operated in the area of the Volhynia province, including the "Sokół" Gymnastic Society, the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association and the Shooting Association. The following disciplines were practised in sports associations and clubs: motoring, boxing, ice hockey, horse riding, cycling, athletics, motorcycling, skiing, football, swimming, shooting, and rowing. In the discussed period, the sportsmen of the Volhynia province did not achieve any sports successes in the national arena.